![]() ![]() ![]() Valley fog forms in mountain valleys, usually during winter. The cold California Current, which runs along the western coast of North America, is much cooler than the warm air along the coast. The Pacific coast of the United States, from Washington to California, is often covered in advection fog. Advection fog shows up mostly in places where warm, tropical air meets cooler ocean water. When the moist, warm air makes contact with the cooler surface air, water vapor condenses to create fog. This process is called advection, a scientific name describing the movement of fluid. Advection fog forms when warm, moist air passes over a cool surface. ![]() Fog that is said to “burn off” in the morning sun is radiation fog. Ground fog does not reach as high as any of the clouds overhead. Sometimes people use the term “ ground fog” to refer to radiation fog. As heat is transferred from the ground to the air, water droplets form. Radiation fog forms in the evening when heat absorbed by the Earth’s surface during the day is radiated into the air. Types of Fog There are several different types of fog, including radiation fog, advection fog, valley fog, and freezing fog. Mist can reduce visibility to between one and two kilometers. Fog cuts visibility down to one kilometer, meaning it will prevent you from seeing further away than one kilometer from where you’re standing. There are more water molecules in the same amount of space in a fog. This means fog is more massive and thicker than mist. Depending on the humidity and temperature, fog can form very suddenly and then disappear just as quickly. Sea fog, which shows up near bodies of salty water, is formed as water vapor condenses around bits of salt. Water vapor con denses around these microscopic solid particles. In order for fog to form, dust or some kind of air pollution needs to be in the air. There has to be a lot of water vapor in the air for fog to form. You can see fog because of these tiny water droplets. During condensation, molecules of water vapor combine to make tiny liquid water droplets that hang in the air. Fog shows up when water vapor, or water in its gaseous form, condenses. Even monuments like London Bridge, in London, England, or the Golden Gate Bridge, in San Francisco, California, are almost impossible to see in thick fog. In some conditions, fog can be so thick that it makes it hard to drive safely because it obscures the road and other cars. Fog can be thin or thick, meaning people have difficulty seeing through it. The practice is tied to a specific vocabulary, and the knowledge required (such as an understanding of the impact of the lunar cycle on water flow and skills related to woodworking) can be applied to other aspects of the lives of bearers and surrounding communities.Fog is a cloud that touches the ground. For practitioners, traditional irrigation and the centuries-old channel systems related to the practice are strong identity markers. The practice is typically passed on to younger generations informally, through observation and training from experienced members, although cooperatives, associations, scholars and institutions also play an important role in the transmission of knowledge. Traditional irrigation requires a profound understanding of the natural landscape, water flow and weather conditions, as well as close cooperation between those responsible for the distribution of the water (such as farmers and landowners) and others involved in the maintenance of the physical structures (such as water cooperatives and local authorities). Practitioners choose specific days and periods to manually divert the water, and the beginning or end of the watering season is often accompanied by social gatherings and festivities. Traditional irrigation uses gravity and hand-made constructions such as channels and ditches to distribute water from naturally-occurring water catchment points (such as springs, streams and glaciers) to the fields. © Weiblickfilm/Clover Contents/Christian Leibundgut/PROTECT'eau/Natuurpunt Lommel/Byerische Naturschutzfonds/Pirmin Hilsendegen/Christiane Hilsendegen/Franken Frenseher/Heimatpflegeverband südtirolIDMSüdtirol/Naturpark Obersauer/Dutch Centre for Intangible Heritage/Nationaal Deltaprogramma/Karina Liechti/Alessandra Lochmatter/Steve Diener/Switzerland Tourism (Julien Mayer) & SL-FP/Musée valaisan des Bisses, 2022 ![]()
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